自閉症譜系是指一個神經發展症候群的症狀群範圍,患者可以有不同程度的自閉症傾向,現時自閉症、亞氏保加症候群(Asperger’s Syndrome) 和廣泛性發展障礙(PDD-NOS)和兒童期崩解症(Childhood Disintegrative Disorder) 都被納入自閉症譜系當中。
簡單而言,自閉症的普遍症狀有:
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- 溝通及語言障礙 - 無法清楚表達自己、較難與人打開或持續話題
- 社交困難 - 例如被動、缺乏同理心、難以理解社交慣例、不懂明白他人的觀感
- 認知及適應能力障礙 - 例如在理解抽象概念、自我規管、解難能力上都有困難
- 重覆及偏執的行為及狹隘的興趣 - 例如背誦巴士路線、車牌
腦磁激與自閉症
雖然現時有關自閉症的病因仍然未明,但有研究指出自閉症與腦部神經發展異常及遺傳因素有關。近年,全世界許多臨床治療中心開始透過腦磁激這種非入侵性的方法來理解自閉症的病因,而臨床研究亦指出腦磁激在治療自閉症亦有臨床治療潛力。
研究指出自閉症是由於神經發育異常而引起的,雖然確切原因仍然未明,但研究數據指出自閉症可能與大腦皮質興奮性和可塑性有關,因此,經常用作調節大腦皮質功能的腦磁激技術在治療自閉症患者可能在臨床效益。
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Other
Ahdab R, Lefaucheur JP 2nd International Symposium on Navigated Brain Stimulation in Neurosurgery Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Organizer) 2011 May; 34-36
Mylius V, Lefaucheur JP 3rd International Symposium on Navigated Brain Stimulation in Neurosurgery Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Organizer) 2012 May; 27-29
Nurmikko TJ, Sacco P 3rd International Symposium on Navigated Brain Stimulation in Neurosurgery Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Organizer) 2012 May; 23-26
Nurmikko TJ, Sacco P 5th International Symposium on Navigated Brain Stimulation in Neurosurgery Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Organizer) 2014 June; 32-36